What is an unintended outcome of antibiotic misuse?

The increase in antibiotic resistance is a significant unintended outcome of antibiotic misuse. When antibiotics are used inappropriately, such as when they are prescribed for viral infections or when a patient does not complete the full course of treatment, bacteria can adapt and evolve. This adaptation leads to the development of resistant strains that are no longer affected by standard antibiotic treatments, making infections harder to treat. Antibiotic resistance poses a serious public health threat, as it can lead to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and increased mortality.

In contrast, improved infection control, faster recovery times, and wider therapeutic effects are outcomes that would generally be sought from appropriate antibiotic use. Misuse does not lead to these benefits; rather, it undermines the effectiveness of antibiotics and contributes to the larger issue of antibiotic resistance.