What adverse effect can occur from prolonged use of NSAIDs?

Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is known to pose a significant risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. This occurs because NSAIDs can disrupt the protective lining of the stomach and intestines. They inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that help maintain mucosal integrity and ensure adequate blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. When the levels of prostaglandins decrease, this can lead to an increased risk of ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, black or tarry stools, and vomiting blood are indications of such complications, making monitoring necessary during long-term NSAID therapy.

While other choices may represent health concerns, they are not as directly linked to the prolonged use of NSAIDs as gastrointestinal bleeding is. For example, increased heart rate may arise from different pathophysiological processes, and issues like reduced immunity or weight gain typically associate more with other medication classes or health conditions rather than prolonged NSAID use.